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Reactions of Immobilized Palladium (II) Complexes with Carbon Monoxide
Alexander Fedorovich Novikov
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, September 2016
Pages:
1-4
Received:
15 March 2016
Accepted:
11 April 2016
Published:
9 May 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.cbe.20160101.11
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Abstract: Palladium (II) complex compounds were immobilized on the dried inner surface of nanoporous silicate glass. The solid specimens containing the Pd(II) salts and organic complexes were fabricated and tested in respect to their spectral reaction on carbon monoxide in atmosphere. The specimens have demonstrated reversible color changes while interacting with carbon monoxide. The reaction mechanisms are supposed to be connected with formation and dissociation of the coordination compounds on the pore surface. Chemical interpretation of the processes is given.
Abstract: Palladium (II) complex compounds were immobilized on the dried inner surface of nanoporous silicate glass. The solid specimens containing the Pd(II) salts and organic complexes were fabricated and tested in respect to their spectral reaction on carbon monoxide in atmosphere. The specimens have demonstrated reversible color changes while interacting...
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Microwave Enhanced Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Orange Peel Extracts from Nigeria
Ihegwuagu Nnemeka,
Etuk-Udo Godwin,
Fatokun Olakunle,
Odusanya Olushola,
Omojola Moses,
Onyenekwe Paul Chidozie,
Sha’Ato Rufus
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, September 2016
Pages:
5-11
Received:
25 April 2016
Accepted:
19 May 2016
Published:
6 June 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.cbe.20160101.12
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Abstract: The gamut of applications for metal nanoparticles fuels the interest for their synthesis. The hazardous, time and energy consuming nature of conventional techniques necessitates the search for alternative methods of synthesis that ensures the desired size, shape and dispersity is achieved. The use of aqueous plant extracts to reduce toxic heavy metals is a spontaneous, cost effective, eco-friendly method used in the synthesis of nanoparticles. Microwave catalysis have also gained acceptance as another green method for material synthesis due to its high reaction rates and shortened reaction times. This study was embarked on to develop a rapid and eco-friendly method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), stabilized within a biocompatible matrix using orange peel extracts, starch and a microwave. Data obtained revealed from the characterization of the synthesized AgNPs revealed that the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaked at 408nm using a UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The EDX spectrum of the solution containing silver nanoparticles confirmed the presence of an elemental silver signal. SEM and HR-TEM images suggest that the nanoparticles were of spherical shape. HR- TEM particle size range was 7-17.31±0.84nm. FT-IR spectroscopy analysis of synthesized AgNPs indicated a slight shift at the O-H absorption bands of starch. PXRD confirmed the reflections of silver nanoparticles at corresponding 2θ values respectively. The results obtained suggested that rapid catalysis of AgNPs using plant extracts is further boosted using microwave enhanced catalysis whereby the functional biomolecules from the plant extract is retained, altogether forming stable AgNPs.
Abstract: The gamut of applications for metal nanoparticles fuels the interest for their synthesis. The hazardous, time and energy consuming nature of conventional techniques necessitates the search for alternative methods of synthesis that ensures the desired size, shape and dispersity is achieved. The use of aqueous plant extracts to reduce toxic heavy met...
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Optimal Enzyme-Assisted Ethanol Extraction of Flavonoids from Broccoli by RSM and Research on Antioxidant Effect
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, September 2016
Pages:
12-20
Received:
8 September 2016
Accepted:
22 September 2016
Published:
27 October 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.cbe.20160101.13
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Abstract: Enzyme-assisted ethanol extraction of total flavonoids from broccoli and research on its antioxidant effect, were studied in this paper. Enzyme concentration, solid-liquid ratio, extraction temperature and time were determined as four single-factor in the experiment. According to the single-factor experimental results, the extract process was further optimized by RSM and Box-Benhnken design. The optimum extract conditions were enzyme concentration of 0.15%, solid-liquid ratio of 5:30 (g: mL), extraction temperature of 70°C and time of 2h, the experimental responding extraction ratio was 0.935% corresponding to the theoretical predictions of 0.953%. The experimental extraction ratio matched well with the theoretical value by solving the multiple regression equation. RSM has been proved to be an effective technique for optimization of extraction process and the fitted quadratic model has a predictive effect on target extracts. The scavenging effect of broccoli extracts on hydroxyl radicals displayed a significant dose-effect relationship.
Abstract: Enzyme-assisted ethanol extraction of total flavonoids from broccoli and research on its antioxidant effect, were studied in this paper. Enzyme concentration, solid-liquid ratio, extraction temperature and time were determined as four single-factor in the experiment. According to the single-factor experimental results, the extract process was furth...
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Improving Biogas Production of Sugarcane Bagasse by Hydrothermal Pretreatment
William Salomon Fotso Simo,
Emmanuel Nso Jong,
César Kapseu
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, September 2016
Pages:
21-25
Received:
5 October 2016
Accepted:
18 October 2016
Published:
15 November 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.cbe.20160101.14
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Abstract: Sugarcane bagasse is a biological waste which is widely generated from sugar mill industries. Its use in these factories is a potential way of environmental pollution and that’s why it needs to be valorized like by-products in biorefineries sectors, especially for biogas production. Sugarcane bagasse has been characterized and pretreated by hydrothermolysis in a reactor for enabling the inoculums activity. The anaerobic digestion has been experimented in batch process and biogas volume has been followed during 23 days of production time. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of hydrothermolysis on the chemical composition, the potential and the kinetics of biogas production from sugarcane bagasse. The hydrothermal treatment produces 42.86% of hydrolysis yield, by increasing the amount of lignin from 22% to 47% of dry matter, without degradation of cellulose. Hydrothermolysis increased biogas yield (to approximately 15%) from 85.63 Nl/gVS and 100.57 Nl/gVS and accelerates biogas production kinetics without pH changes.
Abstract: Sugarcane bagasse is a biological waste which is widely generated from sugar mill industries. Its use in these factories is a potential way of environmental pollution and that’s why it needs to be valorized like by-products in biorefineries sectors, especially for biogas production. Sugarcane bagasse has been characterized and pretreated by hydroth...
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Selective Separation of Yttrium and Cerium (IV) from the Prepared Abu Hamata Lanthanides Cake
Amer T. E.,
Abdellah W. M.,
Abdel Wahab G. M.,
El-Shahat M. F.
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, September 2016
Pages:
26-31
Received:
28 November 2016
Accepted:
10 December 2016
Published:
10 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.cbe.20160101.15
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Abstract: The present work is concerned with selective separation of Y and Ce (IV) from the lanthanides cake prepared from the pregnant sulfate leach liquor of Abu Hamata sandy claystone ore material. This sulfate solution assays 0.32 g/L of Ln, 0.45 g/L of U together with 0.05 g/L V and 0.008 g/L B. It was used to prepare the lanthanides cake that contains 12.2% of Y and 37.4% of Ce. Ammonium carbonate solution in concentration of 200g/L was used for dissolving more than 95.1% of Y content selectively from the prepared lanthanides cake. The free Y lanthanides cake was then subjected to Ce (IV) separation via dissolving the other trivalent lanthanides in dilute hydrochloric acid while Ce(IV) remains insoluble.
Abstract: The present work is concerned with selective separation of Y and Ce (IV) from the lanthanides cake prepared from the pregnant sulfate leach liquor of Abu Hamata sandy claystone ore material. This sulfate solution assays 0.32 g/L of Ln, 0.45 g/L of U together with 0.05 g/L V and 0.008 g/L B. It was used to prepare the lanthanides cake that contains ...
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