Determination of Quality Parameters of Honey from Taraba State – Nigeria
Tanko Bako,
Ezekiel Ambo Mamai,
Boman James Bature
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
1-9
Received:
8 September 2018
Accepted:
30 September 2018
Published:
7 May 2019
Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality parameters of honey samplescollected from different locations in Taraba State, in terms of physicochemical properties such as colour, specific gravity, refractive index, viscosity, moisture content, ash content, free acidity, lactone acidity, total acidity, pH value, electrical conductivity, sugar content, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content, diastase activity and protein content. The results showed that mean values of honey temperature ranges from29.4± 0.49 to 38.5± 0.27°C; colour, light amber to dark amber; specific gravity, 1.30±0.01 to 1.48±0.01; refractive index, 1.47±0.01 to 1.50±0.02; viscosity, 23.2±0.10 to 34.2±0.10 Pas; moisture content, 11.27±0.01 to 19.70±0.01%; ash content, 0.14±0.01 to 0.52±0.04%; free acidity, 14.86±0.03 to 32.74±0.01 meqkg-1; lactone acidity, 1.58±0.01 to 3.71±0.03meqkg-1; total acidity, 16.44±0.03 to 35.52±0.01 meqkg-1;pH value, 3.67±0.02 to 5.10±0.19; electrical conductivity, 0.08±0.01 to 0.48±0.02 mScm-1; total reducing sugar content, 74.30±0.03 to 82.30±0.04%; sucrose content, 3.58±0.02 to 4.71 ±0.02%; hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content, 10.51±0.04to 14.31±0.02 mgkg-1; diastase activity, 23.20±0.02 to 26.46±0.02 Go and protein content, 0.74±0.01 to 0.85±0.01%. The quality parameters were subjected to a one way ANOVA at p ≤ 0.05. There were significant differences in the colour, specific gravity, viscosity, moisture content, ash content, free acidity, lactone acidity, total acidity, pH value and electrical conductivity of the honey samples while refractive index, sugar content, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content, diastase activity and protein content showed no significant differences. A 2-tailed F-LSD test at 5% level of significance shows that the differences between the mean values are statistically significant for all the locations for temperature, viscosity, moisture content, free acidity, lactone acidity, total acidity and electrical conductivity of the honey samples while colour, specific gravity and ash content shows that the differences between themean values are statistically significant for most of the sample locations. The honey samples present a good level of quality because the physicochemical values were in the range of approved limits (conforming to codex standards) for all honey samples. It was indicated that honey from the area will be suitable for exportation when processed appropriately.
Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality parameters of honey samplescollected from different locations in Taraba State, in terms of physicochemical properties such as colour, specific gravity, refractive index, viscosity, moisture content, ash content, free acidity, lactone acidity, total acidity, pH value, electrical conductivity, sugar co...
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Interpersonal Conflict Among Nurses in Tertiary Hospitals in Dali, the People’s Republic of China
Yongling Hua,
Mohammad Abbas Uddin,
Anowarul Jalal Bhuiyan
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
10-13
Received:
28 March 2019
Accepted:
29 April 2019
Published:
23 May 2019
Abstract: Interpersonal conflict is the interpersonal clashes, tension, animosity, and jealousy that occur between people. It is considered destructive as it is characterized by power struggles and personal issues and negatively affects group decision-making and task implementation. The aim of this study was to assess interpersonal conflict between nurses in tertiary hospitals in Dali, the People’s Republic of China, and the relationship between interpersonal conflict and the nurses’ various socio-demographic characteristics. The study found that, overall, nurses perceived a low level of interpersonal conflict. Nurses’ age, marital status, education level, work time, appointment status, and work experience were non-significant variables, and job status a significant variable associated with interpersonal conflict score. This study provides baseline information about nurses’ interpersonal conflict. Nurse managers should use this study’s results to develop positive working environments and reduce interpersonal conflict among nurses.
Abstract: Interpersonal conflict is the interpersonal clashes, tension, animosity, and jealousy that occur between people. It is considered destructive as it is characterized by power struggles and personal issues and negatively affects group decision-making and task implementation. The aim of this study was to assess interpersonal conflict between nurses in...
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Sustaining Food Production: Fisheries Management Options for Lake Ardibo, Northern Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
14-18
Received:
4 April 2019
Accepted:
20 May 2019
Published:
10 June 2019
Abstract: Lake Ardibo is one of the important freshwater lakes in northern Ethiopia and today it supports many fishers and their families, who are directly depend on the lake fishery for their protein food source and income generation. The open nature of the fishery resource and high unemployed youth participation in the fishing activity is urgent call and in the long term the lake fishery may become overexploited and collapse so there is a need to introduce some management options for the lake by assessing the current condition using fishermen and key expert interviews as well other secondary data assessment and after this using simple excel sheet and expert analysis were used to compile this paper. Hence based on the analyzed data and observation the fishermen are welling to practice licensing, mesh size regulation, gear restriction and closed season in lake Ardibo fishery. Finally, the researcher recommend that the fishermen should aware about the fish stock resource condition i.e. their market size of the fish, breeding season, area and practices for the sustainable food production from the lake and lastly the regional fishery proclamation should be enforced and applied on the ground.
Abstract: Lake Ardibo is one of the important freshwater lakes in northern Ethiopia and today it supports many fishers and their families, who are directly depend on the lake fishery for their protein food source and income generation. The open nature of the fishery resource and high unemployed youth participation in the fishing activity is urgent call and i...
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Deinking of Black Toner Ink from Laser Printed Paper by Using Anionic Surfactant
Mehari Abraha,
Zebene Kifle
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
23-30
Received:
22 April 2019
Accepted:
29 May 2019
Published:
13 June 2019
Abstract: The objective of this research was to synthesize natural anionic surfactant from renewable material and use of this surfactant for ink removal from printed paper via flotation deinking in paper recycling process. The work included the preparation of the castor seed raw material, extraction of castor oil, preparation of anionic surfactant and deinking flotation of waste printed paper. Foamability and foam stability, critical micelle concentration and hydrophilic lipophilic balance of the surfactant was characterized and used to evaluate its fundamental deinking ability properties for the purpose of deinking flotation. The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of the fatty acid soap of 19.48, average Foamability height of 49cm and critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 0.0065M was obtained. Lab scale flotation deinking process was done and the basic flotation parameters like flotation time, fatty acid soap dosage and pH were optimized for evaluating deinking efficiency. The flotation deinking efficiency was probed by measuring the residual ink concentration of the hand sheet via Perkin Elmer spectroscopy before and after deinking flotation. The individual and interaction effects between the basic parameters were studied by using design Expert Software 6.0.8. For the deinking flotation, the maximum ink removal efficiency was determined to be 78.02% at the flotation time of 90min, fatty acid soap dosage of 1.5% and pH of 9. Increasing flotation time from 30min up to 90 min and decreasing fatty acid dosage from 3% to 1.5% and increasing of pH from 3 up to 9 were found to have increased the ink removal efficiency.
Abstract: The objective of this research was to synthesize natural anionic surfactant from renewable material and use of this surfactant for ink removal from printed paper via flotation deinking in paper recycling process. The work included the preparation of the castor seed raw material, extraction of castor oil, preparation of anionic surfactant and deinki...
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