| Peer-Reviewed

Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration in Finger Millet Production in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Concepts and Practices

Received: 26 February 2023     Accepted: 25 April 2023     Published: 15 September 2023
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Soil has the capacity to sequester about 50-66% of the 42-78 Giga tons of carbon lost per year. However, the capacity of the soil to sequester carbon is dependent on soil texture and structure, rainfall, temperature, farming systems, and soil management practices. Management practices to enhance soil carbon sequestration include; cover cropping, nutrient management, woodland regeneration, no-till farming, manure, and sludge application, water conservation, and harvesting, efficient irrigation, and agroforestry, among others. These practices have however been applied in un-integrated manner, this has led to continuous loss of soil carbon; consequently, there has been a decline in crop yield especially cereals due to climate-change, soil degradation, pest, and disease burden, among other factors. Yet an increase in soil carbon by one in a degraded soil could increase cereal yield by up to 40 kg ha-1, for example, increase wheat yield by up to 20-40 kg ha-1 and Maize up to 10-20 kg ha-1 as well as reducing fossil fuel emission by 0.4-1.2 Giga tons of carbon per year. This review paper, therefore, looks at current ways of sequestering carbon and how these approaches can be improved and integrated to enhance soil carbon sequestration in cereal-legume cropping systems. There is a need to increase the production of cereals due to the increasing demand for cereals in sub-Saharan Africa and it is projected that, by 2050, the demand is expected to triple due to global population increase which is expected to outmatch production due to low soil carbon sequestration and soil fertility.

Published in Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (Volume 8, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.cbe.20230801.12
Page(s) 16-24
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Soil Carbon Sequestration, Carbon Sink, Farming Systems, Finger-Millet, Soil Fertility and Crop Yield

References
[1] Doula MK, Sarris A. Chapter 4 - Soil Environment. In: Poulopoulos SG, Inglezakis VJ, editors. Environment and Development [Internet]. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2016 [cited 2022 Mar 30]. p. 213–86. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444627339000046
[2] Ai Z, Wang G, Liang C, Liu H, Zhang J, Xue S, et al. The Effects of Nitrogen Addition on the Uptake and Allocation of Macro- and Micronutrients in Bothriochloa is chaemum on Loess Plateau in China. Frontiers in Plant Science [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2022 Mar 27]; 8. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.01476
[3] Brady NC, Weil RR. The nature and properties of soils [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2022 Mar 30]. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=1419853
[4] Havlin J. Soil: Fertility and Nutrient Management. In 2020. p. 251–65.
[5] Mudalagiriyappa, Goud BR, Ramachandrappa BK, Nanjappa HV. Influence of Customized Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Finger Millet {Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.} in Alfisols of Southern India. Indian Journal of Dryland Agricultural Research and Development [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2018 May 15]; 30 (1): 50. Available from: http://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:ijdard&volume=30&issue=1&article=007
[6] Bekunda M, Ebanyat P, Nkonya E, Mugendi D, Msaky J. Soil fertility Status, Management, and Research in East Africa. Eastern Africa Journal of Rural Development [Internet]. 2005 Jul 5 [cited 2018 May 15]; 20 (1). Available from: http://www.ajol.info/index.php/eajrd/article/view/28362
[7] Havlin J, editor. Soil fertility and fertilizers: an introduction to nutrient management. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, N. J: Pearson Prentice Hall; 2005. 515 p.
[8] Epstein E. The anomaly of silicon in plant biology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Jan 4; 91 (1): 11–7.
[9] Pavlovic J, Kostic L, Bosnic P, Kirkby EA, Nikolic M. Interactions of Silicon With Essential and Beneficial Elements in Plants. Frontiers in Plant Science [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Apr 4]; 12. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2021.697592
[10] Dewitte O, Jones A, Spaargaren O, Breuning-Madsen H, Brossard M, Dampha A, et al. Harmonisation of the soil map of Africa at the continental scale. Geoderma [Internet]. 2013 Dec 1 [cited 2022 Apr 4]; 211–212: 138–53. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016706113002401
[11] Gonzalez-Roglich M, Zvoleff A, Noon M, Liniger H, Fleiner R, Harari N, et al. Synergizing global tools to monitor progress towards land degradation neutrality: Trends. Earth and the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies sustainable land management database. Environmental Science & Policy [Internet]. 2019 Mar 1 [cited 2022 Apr 4]; 93: 34–42. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462901118306543
[12] Hellemans T, Landschoot S, Dewitte K, Van Bockstaele F, Vermeir P, Eeckhout M, et al. Impact of Crop Husbandry Practices and Environmental Conditions on Wheat Composition and Quality: A Review. J Agric Food Chem [Internet]. 2018 Mar 21 [cited 2022 Apr 4]; 66 (11): 2491–509. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05450
[13] Keesstra SD, Bouma J, Wallinga J, Tittonell P, Smith P, Cerdà A, et al. The significance of soils and soil science towards realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. SOIL [Internet]. 2016 Apr 7 [cited 2022 Apr 4]; 2 (2): 111–28. Available from: https://soil.copernicus.org/articles/2/111/2016/
[14] Gebreyohannes A, Shimelis H, Laing M, Mathew I, Odeny DA, Ojulong H. Finger Millet Production in Ethiopia: Opportunities, Problem Diagnosis, Key Challenges and Recommendations for Breeding. Sustainability [Internet]. 2021 Jan [cited 2022 Dec 1]; 13 (23): 13463. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/23/13463
[15] Owere L, Tongoona P, Derera J, Wanyera N. Farmers’ Perceptions of Finger Millet Production Constraints, Varietal Preferences and Their Implications to Finger Millet Breeding in Uganda. Journal of Agricultural Science [Internet]. 2014 Nov 15 [cited 2018 May 15]; 6 (12). Available from: http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jas/article/view/33956
[16] Devi PB, Vijayabharathi R, Sathyabama S, Malleshi NG, Priyadarisini VB. Health benefits of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) polyphenols and dietary fiber: a review. J Food Sci Technol [Internet]. 2014 Jun [cited 2019 Nov 15]; 51 (6): 1021–40. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4033754/
[17] Goron TL, Raizada MN. Genetic diversity and genomic resources available for the small millet crops to accelerate a New Green Revolution. Front Plant Sci [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2018 May 15]; 6. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2015.00157/full
[18] Patil D. Agrobiodiversity and Advances in the Development of Millets in Changing Environment. In 2020. p. 643–73.
[19] Musinguzi P, Ebanyat P, Tenywa JS, Basamba TA, Tenywa MM, Mubiru DN. CRITICAL SOIL ORGANIC CARBON RANGE FOR OPTIMAL CROP RESPONSE TO MINERAL FERTILISER NITROGEN ON A FERRALSOL. Experimental Agriculture [Internet]. 2016 Oct [cited 2018 Oct 24]; 52 (04): 635–53. Available from: http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0014479715000307
[20] Andriamananjara A, Rakotoson T, Razanakoto OR, Razafimanantsoa MP, Rabeharisoa L, Smolders E. Farmyard manure application in weathered upland soils of Madagascar sharply increase phosphate fertilizer use efficiency for upland rice. Field Crops Research [Internet]. 2018 Jun [cited 2018 Nov 12]; 222: 94–100. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378429017315472
[21] Dynarski KA, Bossio DA, Scow KM. Dynamic Stability of Soil Carbon: Reassessing the “Permanence” of Soil Carbon Sequestration. Frontiers in Environmental Science [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Apr 4]; 8. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fenvs.2020.514701
[22] Xu S, Sheng C, Tian C. Changing soil carbon: influencing factors, sequestration strategy and research direction. Carbon Balance and Management [Internet]. 2020 Feb 17 [cited 2022 Apr 4]; 15 (1): 2. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-020-0137-5
[23] Myaka FM, Sakala WD, Adu-Gyamfi JJ, Kamalongo D, Ngwira A, Odgaard R, et al. Yields and accumulations of N and P in farmer-managed intercrops of maize-pigeonpea in semi-arid Africa. Plant and soil [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2018 Dec 6]; Available from: http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201301103166
[24] Tittonell P, Giller KE. When yield gaps are poverty traps: The paradigm of ecological intensification in African smallholder agriculture. Field Crops Research [Internet]. 2013 Mar 1 [cited 2018 Oct 24]; 143: 76–90. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429012003346
[25] Hermans TDG, Whitfield S, Dougill AJ, Thierfelder C. Bridging the disciplinary gap in conservation agriculture research, in Malawi. A review. Agron Sustain Dev [Internet]. 2020 Feb 1 [cited 2022 Dec 16]; 40 (1): 1–15. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13593-020-0608-9
[26] Thierfelder C, Baudron F, Setimela P, Nyagumbo I, Mupangwa W, Mhlanga B, et al. Complementary practices supporting conservation agriculture in southern Africa. A review. Agron Sustain Dev [Internet]. 2018 Mar 6 [cited 2022 Dec 16]; 38 (2): 16. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-018-0492-8
[27] Lal R. Soil Carbon Sequestration Impacts on Global Climate Change and Food Security. Science [Internet]. 2004 Jun 11 [cited 2022 May 15]; 304 (5677): 1623–7. Available from: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1097396
[28] Lal R, Lorenz K, Hüttl RF, Schneider BU, von Braun J. Terrestrial Biosphere as a Source and Sink of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide. In: Lal R, Lorenz K, Hüttl RF, Schneider BU, von Braun J, editors. Recarbonization of the Biosphere: Ecosystems and the Global Carbon Cycle [Internet]. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012 [cited 2022 May 15]. p. 1–15. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4159-1_1
[29] Lal R, Smith P, Jungkunst HF, Mitsch WJ, Lehmann J, Nair PKR, et al. The carbon sequestration potential of terrestrial ecosystems. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation [Internet]. 2018 Nov 1 [cited 2022 Oct 31]; 73 (6): 145A-152A. Available from: https://www.jswconline.org/content/73/6/145A
[30] Anokye J, Logah V, Opoku A. Soil carbon stock and emission: estimates from three land-use systems in Ghana. Ecological Processes [Internet]. 2021 Jan 29 [cited 2022 May 15]; 10 (1): 11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-020-00279-w
[31] Stockmann U, Adams MA, Crawford JW, Field DJ, Henakaarchchi N, Jenkins M, et al. The knowns, known unknowns and unknowns of sequestration of soil organic carbon. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 2013; 164: 80–99.
[32] Batjes N h. Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world. European Journal of Soil Science [Internet]. 1996 [cited 2022 May 15]; 47 (2): 151–63. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1996.tb01386.x
[33] Batjes NH. Options for increasing carbon sequestration in West African soils: an exploratory study with special focus on Senegal. Land Degradation & Development [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2022 May 15]; 12 (2): 131–42. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ldr.444
[34] Powlson DS, Whitmore AP, Goulding KWT. Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change: a critical re-examination to identify the true and the false. European Journal of Soil Science [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2022 May 15]; 62 (1): 42–55. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2010.01342.x
[35] Patrick M, Tenywa JS, Ebanyat P, Tenywa MM, Mubiru DN, Basamba TA. Soil Organic Carbon Thresholds and Nitrogen Management in Tropical Agroecosystems: Concepts and Prospects. Journal of Sustainable Development [Internet]. 2013 Nov 6 [cited 2018 Oct 24]; 6 (12). Available from: http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/29014
[36] Carter MR, Sanderson JB, MacLeod JA. Influence of compost on the physical properties and organic matter fractions of a fine sandy loam throughout the cycle of a potato rotation. Canadian Journal of Soil Science [Internet]. 2004 May [cited 2018 Dec 5]; 84 (2): 211–8. Available from: http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.4141/S03-058
[37] Bruun TB, Elberling B, Christensen BT. Lability of soil organic carbon in tropical soils with different clay minerals. Soil Biology and Biochemistry [Internet]. 2010 Jun 1 [cited 2018 Dec 6]; 42 (6): 888–95. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003807171000026X
[38] Steiner C, Teixeira WG, Lehmann J, Nehls T, de Macêdo JLV, Blum WEH, et al. Long term effects of manure, charcoal and mineral fertilization on crop production and fertility on a highly weathered Central Amazonian upland soil. Plant and Soil [Internet]. 2007 Feb [cited 2018 Dec 6]; 291 (1–2): 275–90. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11104-007-9193-9
[39] Musinguzi P, Ebanyat P, Tenywa JS, Mwanjalolo M, Basamba TA, Tenywa MM, et al. Using DSSAT-CENTURY Model to Simulate Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics Under a Low-Input Maize Cropping System. Journal of Agricultural Science [Internet]. 2014 Apr 14 [cited 2018 May 15]; 6 (5). Available from: http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jas/article/view/32835
[40] Yang R, Su Y zhong, Wang T, Yang Q. Effect of chemical and organic fertilization on soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation in a newly cultivated farmland. Journal of Integrative Agriculture [Internet]. 2016 Mar 1 [cited 2019 Mar 7]; 15 (3): 658–66. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311916616477
[41] Gupta Choudhury S, Yaduvanshi NPS, Chaudhari SK, Sharma DR, Sharma DK, Nayak DC, et al. Effect of nutrient management on soil organic carbon sequestration, fertility, and productivity under rice-wheat cropping system in semi-reclaimed sodic soils of North India. Environ Monit Assess. 2018 Feb 5; 190 (3): 117.
[42] Hs D, Bs B. Effect of long-term differential application of inorganic fertilizers and manure on soil CO2 emissions. Plant, Soil and Environment [Internet]. 2016 May 26 [cited 2019 Mar 7]; 62 (No. 5): 195–201. Available from: http://www.agriculturejournals.cz/web/pse.htm?volume=62&firstPage=195&type=publishedArticle
[43] Wang G, Luo Z, Han P, Chen H, Xu J. Critical carbon input to maintain current soil organic carbon stocks in global wheat systems. Scientific Reports [Internet]. 2016 Jan 13 [cited 2019 Feb 25]; 6: 19327. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/srep19327
[44] Hao Y, Wang Y, Chang Q, Wei X. Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in a Highland Agroecosystem. Pedosphere [Internet]. 2017 Aug 1 [cited 2019 Mar 7]; 27 (4): 725–36. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1002016017603862
[45] Singh Brar B, Singh J, Singh G, Kaur G. Effects of Long Term Application of Inorganic and Organic Fertilizers on Soil Organic Carbon and Physical Properties in Maize–Wheat Rotation. Agronomy [Internet]. 2015 Jun [cited 2022 Oct 31]; 5 (2): 220–38. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/5/2/220
[46] Su YZ, Wang F, Suo DR, Zhang ZH, Du MW. Long-term effect of fertilizer and manure application on soil-carbon sequestration and soil fertility under the wheat–wheat–maize cropping system in northwest China. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst [Internet]. 2006 Jul 1 [cited 2019 Mar 7]; 75 (1): 285–95. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-006-9034-x
[47] Fayisa BA, Welbira GD, Bekele DA. Determination of Optimum Rates of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization for Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn) Production at Assosa Zone, in Benishangul – Gumuz Region of Ethiopia. Advances in Sciences and Humanities [Internet]. 2016 Jun 17 [cited 2018 Nov 29]; 2 (1): 1. Available from: http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=323&doi=10.11648/j.ash.20160201.11
[48] Gupta S, Gupta SM, Gupta AK, Gaur VS, Kumar A. Fluctuation of Dof1/Dof2 expression ratio under the influence of varying nitrogen and light conditions: involvement in differential regulation of nitrogen metabolism in two genotypes of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.). Gene [Internet]. 2014 Aug 10; 546 (2): 327–35. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378111914006350
[49] Nkonya E. Strategies for Sustainable Land Management and Poverty Reduction in Uganda. Intl Food Policy Res Inst; 2004. 152 p.
[50] Vanlauwe B, Bationo A, Chianu J, Giller KE, Merckx R, Mokwunye U, et al. Integrated Soil Fertility Management: Operational Definition and Consequences for Implementation and Dissemination. Outlook on Agriculture [Internet]. 2010 Mar 1 [cited 2018 Jun 18]; Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.5367/000000010791169998
[51] Ngosong C, M. Mfombep P, C. Njume A, S. Tening A. Integrated Soil Fertility Management: Impact of < i> Mucuna< /i> and < i> Tithonia< /i> Biomass on Tomato (< i> Lycopersicon esculentum< /i> L.) Performance in Smallholder Farming Systems. Agricultural Sciences [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2018 Jun 18]; 06 (10): 1176–86. Available from: http://www.scirp.org/journal/doi.aspx?DOI=10.4236/as.2015.610112
[52] Willey RW. Intercropping Its Importance And Research Needs Part 1. Competition And Yield Advantages Vol-32 [Internet]. MPKV; Maharastra; 1979 [cited 2018 Dec 6]. Available from: http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/2056350
[53] ICRISAT. Annual report 2013 [Internet]. Issuu. 2013 [cited 2018 May 15]. Available from: https://issuu.com/icrisat/docs/annual_report_2013
[54] Kamara AY, Ewansiha SU, Menkir A. Assessment of nitrogen uptake and utilization in drought tolerant and Striga resistant tropical maize varieties. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science [Internet]. 2014 Feb 1 [cited 2018 Nov 29]; 60 (2): 195–207. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2013.783204
[55] Kumar A, Metwal M, Kaur S, Gupta AK, Puranik S, Singh S, et al. Nutraceutical Value of Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.], and Their Improvement Using Omics Approaches. Front Plant Sci [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2018 May 15]; 7. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2016.00934/full
[56] Ebanyat P, de Ridder N, Bekunda M, Delve RJ, Giller KE. Efficacy of Nutrient Management Options for Finger Millet Production on Degraded Smallholder Farms in Eastern Uganda. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Dec 14]; 5. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2021.674926
[57] Ndungu-Magiroi KW, Kasozi A, Kaizzi KC, Mwangi T, Koech M, Kibunja CN. Finger millet response to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in Kenya and Uganda. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems [Internet]. 2017 Jul [cited 2018 May 15]; 108 (3): 297–308. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10705-017-9857-7
[58] Anbessa Fayisa B. Determination of Optimum Rates of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization for Finger Millet (< i> Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn< /i>) Production at Assosa Zone, in Benishangul – Gumuz Region of Ethiopia. Advances in Sciences and Humanities [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2018 May 15]; 2 (1): 1. Available from: http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo?journalid=323&doi=10.11648/j.ash.20160201.11
[59] Razaq M, Zhang P, Shen H long, Salahuddin. Influence of nitrogen and phosphorous on the growth and root morphology of Acer mono. PLOS ONE [Internet]. 2017 Feb 24 [cited 2018 Nov 28]; 12 (2): e0171321. Available from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0171321
[60] Ali EA. Grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of pearl millet as affected by plant density, nitrogen rate and splitting in sandy soil. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2018 May 30]; 7: 327–35. Available from: http://www.idosi.org/aejaes/jaes7(3)/13.pdf
[61] Ayub M (University of A, Nadeem MA (University of A, Tahir M (University of A, Ibrahim M (University of A, Aslam MN. Effect of nitrogen application and harvesting intervals on forage yield and quality of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L.). Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences (Pakistan) [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2018 May 30]; Available from: http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=PK2010000272
[62] Opole RA, Prasad PVV, Staggenborg SA. Effect of seeding and nitrogen fertiliser application rates on field performance of finger millet. 11th African Crop Science Proceedings, Sowing innovations for sustainable food and nutrition security in Africa Entebbe, Uganda, 14-17 October, 2013 [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2018 May 15]; 127–35. Available from: https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20163288716
[63] Wafula WN, Nicholas KK, Henry OF, Siambi M. Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) grain yield and yield components as influenced by phosphorus application and variety in Western Kenya. Tropical Plant Research [Internet]. 2016 Dec 31 [cited 2018 Jun 16]; 3 (3): 673–80. Available from: http://www.tropicalplantresearch.com/archives/2016/vol3issue3/088.pdf
[64] Opiyo AM. Effect of Nitrogen Application on Leaf Yield and Nutritive Quality of Black Nightshade (Solanum Nigrum L.) [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2018 May 30]. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.5367/0000000042530178
[65] PRASAD SK, SINGH MK, SINGH R. EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND ZINC FERTILIZER ON PEARL MILLET (PENNISETUM GLAUCUM) UNDER AGRI-HORTI SYSTEM OF EASTERN UTTAR PRADESH. 2014; 5.
[66] Milkha SA, Sukhdev SM. Interactions of Nitrogen with Other Nutrients and Water: Effect on Crop Yield and Quality, Nutrient Use Efficiency, Carbon Sequestration, and Environmental Pollution. Advances in Agronomy [Internet]. 2005 Jan 1 [cited 2018 Nov 28]; 86: 341–409. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065211305860079
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Joseph Ekwangu, Susan Tumwebaze Balaba, Twaha Ali Basamba Ateenyi, John Steven Tenywa, Helen Opie, et al. (2023). Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration in Finger Millet Production in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Concepts and Practices. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 8(1), 16-24. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20230801.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Joseph Ekwangu; Susan Tumwebaze Balaba; Twaha Ali Basamba Ateenyi; John Steven Tenywa; Helen Opie, et al. Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration in Finger Millet Production in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Concepts and Practices. Chem. Biomol. Eng. 2023, 8(1), 16-24. doi: 10.11648/j.cbe.20230801.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Joseph Ekwangu, Susan Tumwebaze Balaba, Twaha Ali Basamba Ateenyi, John Steven Tenywa, Helen Opie, et al. Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration in Finger Millet Production in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Concepts and Practices. Chem Biomol Eng. 2023;8(1):16-24. doi: 10.11648/j.cbe.20230801.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.cbe.20230801.12,
      author = {Joseph Ekwangu and Susan Tumwebaze Balaba and Twaha Ali Basamba Ateenyi and John Steven Tenywa and Helen Opie and Deborah Lillian Nabirye and Charles Andiku and Owere Lawrence},
      title = {Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration in Finger Millet Production in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Concepts and Practices},
      journal = {Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering},
      volume = {8},
      number = {1},
      pages = {16-24},
      doi = {10.11648/j.cbe.20230801.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20230801.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cbe.20230801.12},
      abstract = {Soil has the capacity to sequester about 50-66% of the 42-78 Giga tons of carbon lost per year. However, the capacity of the soil to sequester carbon is dependent on soil texture and structure, rainfall, temperature, farming systems, and soil management practices. Management practices to enhance soil carbon sequestration include; cover cropping, nutrient management, woodland regeneration, no-till farming, manure, and sludge application, water conservation, and harvesting, efficient irrigation, and agroforestry, among others. These practices have however been applied in un-integrated manner, this has led to continuous loss of soil carbon; consequently, there has been a decline in crop yield especially cereals due to climate-change, soil degradation, pest, and disease burden, among other factors. Yet an increase in soil carbon by one in a degraded soil could increase cereal yield by up to 40 kg ha-1, for example, increase wheat yield by up to 20-40 kg ha-1 and Maize up to 10-20 kg ha-1 as well as reducing fossil fuel emission by 0.4-1.2 Giga tons of carbon per year. This review paper, therefore, looks at current ways of sequestering carbon and how these approaches can be improved and integrated to enhance soil carbon sequestration in cereal-legume cropping systems. There is a need to increase the production of cereals due to the increasing demand for cereals in sub-Saharan Africa and it is projected that, by 2050, the demand is expected to triple due to global population increase which is expected to outmatch production due to low soil carbon sequestration and soil fertility.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration in Finger Millet Production in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Concepts and Practices
    AU  - Joseph Ekwangu
    AU  - Susan Tumwebaze Balaba
    AU  - Twaha Ali Basamba Ateenyi
    AU  - John Steven Tenywa
    AU  - Helen Opie
    AU  - Deborah Lillian Nabirye
    AU  - Charles Andiku
    AU  - Owere Lawrence
    Y1  - 2023/09/15
    PY  - 2023
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20230801.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.cbe.20230801.12
    T2  - Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
    JF  - Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
    JO  - Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
    SP  - 16
    EP  - 24
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2578-8884
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbe.20230801.12
    AB  - Soil has the capacity to sequester about 50-66% of the 42-78 Giga tons of carbon lost per year. However, the capacity of the soil to sequester carbon is dependent on soil texture and structure, rainfall, temperature, farming systems, and soil management practices. Management practices to enhance soil carbon sequestration include; cover cropping, nutrient management, woodland regeneration, no-till farming, manure, and sludge application, water conservation, and harvesting, efficient irrigation, and agroforestry, among others. These practices have however been applied in un-integrated manner, this has led to continuous loss of soil carbon; consequently, there has been a decline in crop yield especially cereals due to climate-change, soil degradation, pest, and disease burden, among other factors. Yet an increase in soil carbon by one in a degraded soil could increase cereal yield by up to 40 kg ha-1, for example, increase wheat yield by up to 20-40 kg ha-1 and Maize up to 10-20 kg ha-1 as well as reducing fossil fuel emission by 0.4-1.2 Giga tons of carbon per year. This review paper, therefore, looks at current ways of sequestering carbon and how these approaches can be improved and integrated to enhance soil carbon sequestration in cereal-legume cropping systems. There is a need to increase the production of cereals due to the increasing demand for cereals in sub-Saharan Africa and it is projected that, by 2050, the demand is expected to triple due to global population increase which is expected to outmatch production due to low soil carbon sequestration and soil fertility.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • African Center of Excellence in Agro Ecology and Livelihood Systems, Faculty of Agriculture, Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi, Uganda

  • College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

  • College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

  • College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

  • African Center of Excellence in Agro Ecology and Livelihood Systems, Faculty of Agriculture, Uganda Martyrs University, Nkozi, Uganda

  • College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

  • Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busiteme University, Tororo Uganda

  • Buginyanya Zonal Agricultural and Development Research Institute (BugiZARDI), Mbale, Uganda

  • Sections